What is ASCII?

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a character encoding that maps 128 characters — English letters, digits, punctuation, and control codes — to the numbers 0–127. For example, "A" is 65 and "a" is 97.

ASCII is the foundation that modern encodings build on: the first 128 code points of UTF-8 and Unicode are identical to ASCII.

Key points

  • Maps 128 characters to the numbers 0–127 (7 bits).
  • "A" = 65, "a" = 97, "0" = 48.
  • Includes control codes like newline (10) and tab (9).
  • The first 128 Unicode/UTF-8 code points match ASCII.

Example

A = 65    a = 97    0 = 48    space = 32

Common uses

  • Representing plain English text
  • Defining control characters (newline, tab)
  • The basis of UTF-8 compatibility
  • Low-level text and protocol work

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